Non-specialist spell casting OCC

[flatline]

The casters in the books, ley line walkers, shifters, temporal wizards, etc, are all specialists of sorts. Magic is their priority and they pay for it by having limited skill selections.

What about the person who is dabbles in magic ("grandma showed me a neat trick!"), but isn't a dedicated caster? Knows the basics of managing their own PPE, has a slightly higher PPE base than typical human, and can activate TW devices. Maybe can handle some low level spells, maybe not. Maybe good enough at managing PPE to absorb from ley lines or other willing people.

Where are magical equivalents of the minor psychics? Folks with minor magical abilities, but not enough be a magical OCC?

[eliakon]

The casters in the books, ley line walkers, shifters, temporal wizards, etc, are all specialists of sorts. Magic is their priority and they pay for it by having limited skill selections.

What about the person who is dabbles in magic ("grandma showed me a neat trick!"), but isn't a dedicated caster? Knows the basics of managing their own PPE, has a slightly higher PPE base than typical human, and can activate TW devices. Maybe can handle some low level spells, maybe not. Maybe good enough at managing PPE to absorb from ley lines or other willing people.

Where are magical equivalents of the minor psychics? Folks with minor magical abilities, but not enough be a magical OCC?

Mysteries of Magic has the 'Half Wizard' which is an add on to another non-magical OCC. They can learn and cast a small handful of lower level spells, and have some ppe.....but are not really a wizard as even the least dedicated true magical occs (Demon Quellers, Combat Mages, and Forsake Mages for example) would easily out shine them.

Hopefully that helps.

[Nox Equites]

Superspy with magic option is closest I can think of.

[drewkitty ~..~]

Some of the things I will be mentioning need a GM fiat (class modification) or approval (of optional text).

The casters in the books, ley line walkers, shifters, temporal wizards, etc, are all specialists of sorts.
...

With the RUE LLW I would agree that it is a specialist, but not with the RMB LLW.

...
What about the person who is dabbles in magic ("grandma showed me a neat trick!"), but isn't a dedicated caster? ...

Other the MoM1 classes eli mentioned....
The Parapsycologists in BTS. There the urban magic in one of the rifters.

...
Knows the basics of managing their own PPE, has a slightly higher PPE base than typical human, and can activate TW devices. Maybe can handle some low level spells, maybe not. Maybe good enough at managing PPE to absorb from ley lines or other willing people.

The closest thing to this is the psi mystic & mystic class (PF & RMB/RUE/NB). So if you play the char as an untrained psi mystic, like you char grew up learning a trade and they powers manifest during their apprenticeship, you you'd leave out the being able to draw PPE out of LLs.

...
Where are magical equivalents of the minor psychics? Folks with minor magical abilities, but not enough be a magical OCC?

There are the minor heros article in a rifter that can simulate being those mages that never really finished their training.

There is the PCC that takes knowledge from past lives in back of R1. Where they might be able in the right circumstances to cast some spells.

[Blue_Lion]

Super spy magic option is a dabbler.

The demon queller in japan has magic but that is not his main focus just something on top of.

[mercedogre]

Combat Mage (Merc Adventures) is a grunt or merc soldier (without MOS) with a special focus on spells. Maybe he can be template for the kind of character you're looking for.

[HarleeKnight]

The casters in the books, ley line walkers, shifters, temporal wizards, etc, are all specialists of sorts. Magic is their priority and they pay for it by having limited skill selections.

What about the person who is dabbles in magic ("grandma showed me a neat trick!"), but isn't a dedicated caster? Knows the basics of managing their own PPE, has a slightly higher PPE base than typical human, and can activate TW devices. Maybe can handle some low level spells, maybe not. Maybe good enough at managing PPE to absorb from ley lines or other willing people.

Where are magical equivalents of the minor psychics? Folks with minor magical abilities, but not enough be a magical OCC?

Mysteries of Magic has the 'Half Wizard' which is an add on to another non-magical OCC. They can learn and cast a small handful of lower level spells, and have some ppe.....but are not really a wizard as even the least dedicated true magical occs (Demon Quellers, Combat Mages, and Forsake Mages for example) would easily out shine them.

Hopefully that helps.

Mysteries of Magic is for what system? Can't find it in my collection, and it's pretty extensive.

[dragonfett]

Palladium Fantasy

[flatline]

I'll have to pull out MoM. It's a book I mostly skimmed when I got it and haven't ever looked at it again. Clearly I missed some useful stuff.

I was thinking of creating a "minor" and "major" skill package that anyone can spend secondary and OCC related skills on.

I figure that in places where magic is common, it's valuable for folks to at least be able to manage their own PPE so that, at a minimum, they can sell it to others who have a use for it. If enough folks are, for lack of better terms, "PPE aware", then you could actually have a PPE economy in areas that have no convenient ley lines nearby.

[Shark_Force]

The casters in the books, ley line walkers, shifters, temporal wizards, etc, are all specialists of sorts.
...

With the RUE LLW I would agree that it is a specialist, but not with the RMB LLW.

you have completely misunderstood the request here. he's not asking for people who are mages, but not specialized into a specific field of magic (not that i would agree the RUE LLW is really all that specialized within a certain field of magic). he's asking for people that can use magic, but that isn't their focus.

a ley line walker is a spellcaster first and foremost. they can do other things, but they are primarily a spellcaster.

[Library Ogre]

The Acolyte in Through the Glass Darkly was also something of a magical dabbler.

I'm somewhat disappointed in what came out with the half-wizard; my original version spent skill selections to develop potential as a wizard (with other options for untapped warlock potential and induction into lay orders of clergy). It resembled to my rules for non-psychic OCCs spending skills to improve their psychic powers... learning new powers, going up from minor to major or even master psychics, etc.

[drewkitty ~..~]

The casters in the books, ley line walkers, shifters, temporal wizards, etc, are all specialists of sorts.
...

With the RUE LLW I would agree that it is a specialist, but not with the RMB LLW.

you have completely misunderstood the request here. he's not asking for people who are mages, but not specialized into a specific field of magic (not that i would agree the RUE LLW is really all that specialized within a certain field of magic). he's asking for people that can use magic, but that isn't their focus.

a ley line walker is a spell caster first and foremost. they can do other things, but they are primarily a spell caster.

You might be confused because I made a comment before responding to the OP.

My point was that the RMB LLW was just the Rifts main type of common magic mage with no "real" specilizion, but with RUE the LLW include a real specialization into LL magic in the class. Yep, sort of off topic, but I kept it short.*shrugs* If you understand now this side track can be dropped.

[Nightmask]

I'll have to pull out MoM. It's a book I mostly skimmed when I got it and haven't ever looked at it again. Clearly I missed some useful stuff.

I was thinking of creating a "minor" and "major" skill package that anyone can spend secondary and OCC related skills on.

I figure that in places where magic is common, it's valuable for folks to at least be able to manage their own PPE so that, at a minimum, they can sell it to others who have a use for it. If enough folks are, for lack of better terms, "PPE aware", then you could actually have a PPE economy in areas that have no convenient ley lines nearby.

That would be an interesting and plausible way things might go in at least some areas, especially in a heavy magic or magictech society.

[eliakon]

I'll have to pull out MoM. It's a book I mostly skimmed when I got it and haven't ever looked at it again. Clearly I missed some useful stuff.

I was thinking of creating a "minor" and "major" skill package that anyone can spend secondary and OCC related skills on.

I figure that in places where magic is common, it's valuable for folks to at least be able to manage their own PPE so that, at a minimum, they can sell it to others who have a use for it. If enough folks are, for lack of better terms, "PPE aware", then you could actually have a PPE economy in areas that have no convenient ley lines nearby.

The rules in Arnzo suggest that its possible to train people to be aware enough of their PPE to use TW devices.
In theory that should be enough to also let them assist in rituals, and willingly let their PPE be used.

As Mark Hall pointed out the Acolyte in Through the Glass Darkly might be useful
As could simply the Magic Proficiencies.....
....especially if your mundane takes the Group Casting proficiency.....

[Shark_Force]

you don't need special training to allow your PPE to be used in rituals, generally speaking. a competent spellcaster can draw it out of you without you making any special effort on your part, all you have to do is allow it (or, depending on which book you use, allowing it merely means no rolling is required and i think they get a bit more PPE than from someone who is resisting).

[eliakon]

you don't need special training to allow your PPE to be used in rituals, generally speaking. a competent spellcaster can draw it out of you without you making any special effort on your part, all you have to do is allow it (or, depending on which book you use, allowing it merely means no rolling is required and i think they get a bit more PPE than from someone who is resisting).

The only problem is that the average person has 7 PPE, which means that at best they can loan 4 (5 if the GM allows rounding up) of their PPE.
I think the OP is looking for ways to increase that amount slightly (Which is why I suggested Arnzo which basically triples the numbers to 21 and 14) and a way to allow them to lend all of that increased amount. I think.

[Mack]

Another reference would be the Temporal Warrior OCC. It's effectively a Man of Arms with a modicum of spells.

[SpiritInterface]

The Archanist out of 1st ed BTS is general dabbler in magic.

[mercedogre]

the Bard (Rifter 24) can use TW devices

[drewkitty ~..~]

The Arcanist out of 1st ed BTS is general dabbler in magic.

The Arcanist is BTS1's general mage type not a dabbler. As mentioned before the BTS "dabbler" class would be the Para-Psychologist.

[Blue_Lion]

Think the mage I saw with the most flexibility is from Ninjas and superspies suplement mytsic china, cant remember the name right now but they do not gain spells when the level up but have a chance to learn any spell the find in written form. Is a retried martial arts user.

[Riftmaker]

The magic study power category in heroes unlimited is pretty generic and the skill system in that game lends itself to a lot of customization.

[kaid]

The CS RCSG scientists in theory would be a dabbler. They have studied the workings of magic and can do certain things like ley line meditation/hovering but their main thing is research and not actual practice of magic. If one left the CS it would probably make sense if they could learn some low level magic but probably never much more than that.

[Glistam]

I think the Forsaken Mage from the Palladium Fantasy book Mysteries of Magic might qualify. The Half-Wizard is the best option from there in my opinion, but even that character may be too much.

Unlike Psionics, Magic takes time and dedication to learn. As presented it's not really the sort of thing one generally "dabbles" in to get a few powers or spells, so there really won't be any examples in the books.

If a player really wanted to do something like this with an O.C.C., and they had a good story for how or why this makes sense for their character, here's what I am thinking I would consider doing:

• Double the character's P.P.E. (assuming they have "normal" P.P.E. and not a larger pool for some O.C.C. or R.C.C. reason)
• Allow them to sacrifice skills in order to pick spells. Every O.C.C. related skill they sacrifice allows one spell level to be learned. Secondary skills can also be sacrificed, but it will take two Secondary skills to count for one spell level.
  
  • i.e., Bob gets rid of three O.C.C. related skills and two Secondary skills. He now have four spell levels worth of spells he can know. This can be four Level 1 spells, two Level 2 spells, a Level 3 and a Level 1 spell, one Level 4 spell... etcetera.
• The character can not learn new spells, nor does he automatically get any new spells upon leveling up.
• Add +1D4 to the character's P.P.E. base every level (assuming their P.P.E. base isn't already increasing every level for some other reason).
• The character does not get any of the mage abilities to sense Ley Lines, Sense Magic, or the like. This includes drawing P.P.E. from Ley Lines or other people. Only their own normal O.C.C. abilities.
• The character can use their P.P.E. to recharge Techno-Wizard devices that just require P.P.E., and can use TW devices that require one to be either a psychic or mage in order to work.

EDIT: I just realized that the Demon Hunter from Armageddon Unlimited would probably be closest to what you're looking for.

[drewkitty ~..~]

Think the mage I saw with the most flexibility is from Ninjas and superspies suplement mytsic china, cant remember the name right now but they do not gain spells when the level up but have a chance to learn any spell the find in written form. Is a retried martial arts user.

The Wu Shih or Chi Mage.

Then there is the Tao Shih the Immortalist (paper spell "talisman" mage), that also has to search for new spells in what books they come across, but is a practicing MA.

[Alrik Vas]

Technically a battle magus, while certainly a mage, doesn't really focus on magic. They generally don't get crazy amounts of spells...Though at the same time I wouldn't say the are merely a dabbler.

[eliakon]

I think we are starting to talk about a couple different things

First is a specialist mage
Second is a generalist mage
Third is a hybrid mage
Fourth is a 'dabbler' or 'amateur' mage

They are all different things.
A specialist mage is something like a Shifter or Temporal Wizard or Flesh Sculptor....some one who has specialized in one form or focus of magic

A generalist mage is something like a Sorcerer, Wizard, Arcanist or Mystic Study....some one who is into magic more generally

A Hybrid mage is something like a Combat Mage, Temporal Warrior, Super Spy, or Battle Magus who combines magic with something else

A Dabbler would be someone who knows a bit about magic...but it isn't their thing. Something like the Half Mage, Acolyte, Parapsychologist, or the like.

(I think but this should help a bit I hope)

[flatline]

I think we are starting to talk about a couple different things

First is a specialist mage
Second is a generalist mage
Third is a hybrid mage
Fourth is a 'dabbler' or 'amateur' mage

They are all different things.
A specialist mage is something like a Shifter or Temporal Wizard or Flesh Sculptor....some one who has specialized in one form or focus of magic

A generalist mage is something like a Sorcerer, Wizard, Arcanist or Mystic Study....some one who is into magic more generally

A Hybrid mage is something like a Combat Mage, Temporal Warrior, Super Spy, or Battle Magus who combines magic with something else

A Dabbler would be someone who knows a bit about magic...but it isn't their thing. Something like the Half Mage, Acolyte, Parapsychologist, or the like.

(I think but this should help a bit I hope)

I think this is a good assessment. The first three categories are mages. The last category contains folks that do something else, but also have some magical ability.

It is the 4th category (actually, the lack of it) that prompted me to start this thread.

[drewkitty ~..~]

The OP asked about 1~~What OCCs are dabblers in magic?~~ as it's main question.

Then asked 2"Where are magical equivalents of the minor psychics? Folks with minor magical abilities, but not enough be a magical OCC?"

1 This question has had had many people answer it above. However, most of the answers given were not really dabblers in magic, and just low powered mage classes. The closest thing to what was 'asked about' ~in canon~ is the para-psycologist because while they are not a magic CC they can cast magic as a ritual from a 'book' / written instructions with a skill roll (BTS1). [can't find my BTS2 book right now so can't conferm if the 2nd ed P-P has the same.]

2 Folks with minor magical abilities are not within the PB canon texts. Nor are there any 'random ability' that lets a char just cast a few spells. While there are some racial magic casting abilities, changing the race of the person was not within the bounds of the question.

Opposed to the canon answer, there are several CCs in the rifters that let a char cast a few spells.

R merc.: Superspy magic option: Is a full mage that just uses his/her abilities as part of the job.
Temp. Warrior & Undead hunter: Warrior that has had enough magic training to cast and learn spells taught to them. Not a full mage.

[eliakon]

Half mages are probably the closest to an actual spell casting dabbler out there.
They have a tiny set spell list and officially do not gain new spells.
The other idea that could work is to use the minor hero option from HU and apply it to one of the magical based classes (most likely Mystic Study but creative use of the empowered or imbued could work)

If you want to make something new, a 'minor' version of a psi-mystic might be possible. This could result in a person that has a handful of low level spells (off hand if I was doing it I would roll for a psychic and allow them to trade a minor psi power for a first level spell then divide the gained ISP in half and add either 1d4 or a flat 2 PPE per level)

It might be possible as well to create something using the Sorcerous Proficiencies from Through the Glass Darkly (ritual specialist, invocation specialist, group casting are all good options). Technically depending on the GMs leniency someone with Invocation Specialist could have 4 spells level 1-4 total. They would not have any other magic, can't cast rituals, and have to take a magical limitation (or spend a second skill slot to buy off said limitation). The Wild Magic or Bloodmage limitations are good ones for someone who would only know a tiny bit about magic. While such is not probably the intent of the proficiency the fact that various non-mages are explicitly allowed to buy these proficiency does open the door to it.
If I was to calculate their PPE I would use the Arnzo method (you keep your higher childhood PPE) and maybe add something like one point per level

[drewkitty ~..~]

The pf Half-Wizards seam to be much like the magic superspy (R. Merc.)...but they got the 'I really want to do something else' bug much earlier.

If the rest of the MoM books ever get published we might see the hedge wizards that the author talked about. It is speculation, but the hedge wizards might be the dabblers or minor wizards the OP was looking for.

[Nightmask]

Half mages are probably the closest to an actual spell casting dabbler out there.
They have a tiny set spell list and officially do not gain new spells.
The other idea that could work is to use the minor hero option from HU and apply it to one of the magical based classes (most likely Mystic Study but creative use of the empowered or imbued could work)

If you want to make something new, a 'minor' version of a psi-mystic might be possible. This could result in a person that has a handful of low level spells (off hand if I was doing it I would roll for a psychic and allow them to trade a minor psi power for a first level spell then divide the gained ISP in half and add either 1d4 or a flat 2 PPE per level)

It might be possible as well to create something using the Sorcerous Proficiencies from Through the Glass Darkly (ritual specialist, invocation specialist, group casting are all good options). Technically depending on the GMs leniency someone with Invocation Specialist could have 4 spells level 1-4 total. They would not have any other magic, can't cast rituals, and have to take a magical limitation (or spend a second skill slot to buy off said limitation). The Wild Magic or Bloodmage limitations are good ones for someone who would only know a tiny bit about magic. While such is not probably the intent of the proficiency the fact that various non-mages are explicitly allowed to buy these proficiency does open the door to it.
If I was to calculate their PPE I would use the Arnzo method (you keep your higher childhood PPE) and maybe add something like one point per level

There isn't any reason they'd have to take a limitation at the same time when taking a Sorcerous Proficiency, you only take a limitation if you don't purchase the proficiency with a skill slot since you're paying for the proficiency with the limitation.

[drewkitty ~..~]

snip...

It might be possible as well to create something using the Sorcerous Proficiencies from Through the Glass Darkly (ritual specialist, invocation specialist, group casting are all good options). Technically depending on the GMs leniency someone with Invocation Specialist could have 4 spells level 1-4 total. They would not have any other magic, can't cast rituals, and have to take a magical limitation (or spend a second skill slot to buy off said limitation). The Wild Magic or Bloodmage limitations are good ones for someone who would only know a tiny bit about magic. While such is not probably the intent of the proficiency the fact that various non-mages are explicitly allowed to buy these proficiency does open the door to it.
If I was to calculate their PPE I would use the Arnzo method (you keep your higher childhood PPE) and maybe add something like one point per level

There isn't any reason they'd have to take a limitation at the same time when taking a Sorcerous Proficiency, you only take a limitation if you don't purchase the proficiency with a skill slot since you're paying for the proficiency with the limitation.

@NM: I do believe Eli was talking about bending the rules via GM fiat, but using existing text as the basis of the rule bending. Using a Magic Proficiency text on a char to give them some minor spell casting ability w/o the char being actually being a mage.

Talked about Magic Proficiencies a while back and those few who responded said that in the games that they GM the char would need to have the Limitations too no matter how they got the Proficiencies.
---------
@eli: I, for this usage, might limit the new spell to new spell slots that they could fill by being taught by a mage. Not just "getting a new spell" with level up.

[13eowulf]

I am not at my books, but one of the Rifter, in the 40s I think, had "real time casting" which was a small list of spells that cost 1-2 PPE that anyone, not just spell casters, could learn.

[flatline]

So I'm playing with the idea of adding some "skills" to the game available to anyone who could conceivably learn magic (no full conversion borgs, for instance). The skills make a progression (you have to take the first skill before the 2nd, must take the 2nd before the 3rd...). It's assumed that all magic practitioners have these skills already, so they can't take them again for the PPE bonus.

Meditation: regenerate PPE (and ISP) according to the meditation rates listed in the books. +2d6 PPE. If you already have this since you're a minor or major psychic, then you don't get the PPE bonus.

Control Internal PPE: aware of own PPE. Can use it to power TW items. Can donate 100% (or any fraction thereof) of their PPE to another. +2d6 PPE.

Channel PPE: Can absorb PPE from ley lines (no special ability to detect ley lines from a distance) or from others (if willing). Can use PPE from PPE batteries (Talisman spell or similar). +2d6 PPE.

If someone has all three of the above skills, they can learn a 1st level spell by spending a skill slot on it. The character only has a rudimentary understanding of magic principles, so they must be taught the spell by someone who knows it already. The spell is always cast at first level proficiency no matter what the character's level is and casting the spell takes a full melee. No rituals.

Anyways, I don't expect players to actually take these skills, but it establishes a progression of ability that, presumably, all existing magic using OCCs have already gone through. This is a rough first draft. I'm certainly open to any questions, concerns, suggestions, tweaks, whatever you all may have.

[eliakon]

So I'm playing with the idea of adding some "skills" to the game available to anyone who could conceivably learn magic (no full conversion borgs, for instance). The skills make a progression (you have to take the first skill before the 2nd, must take the 2nd before the 3rd...). It's assumed that all magic practitioners have these skills already, so they can't take them again for the PPE bonus.

Meditation: regenerate PPE (and ISP) according to the meditation rates listed in the books. +2d6 PPE. If you already have this since you're a minor or major psychic, then you don't get the PPE bonus.

Control Internal PPE: aware of own PPE. Can use it to power TW items. Can donate 100% (or any fraction thereof) of their PPE to another. +2d6 PPE.

Channel PPE: Can absorb PPE from ley lines (no special ability to detect ley lines from a distance) or from others (if willing). Can use PPE from PPE batteries (Talisman spell or similar). +2d6 PPE.

If someone has all three of the above skills, they can learn a 1st level spell by spending a skill slot on it. The character only has a rudimentary understanding of magic principles, so they must be taught the spell by someone who knows it already. The spell is always cast at first level proficiency no matter what the character's level is and casting the spell takes a full melee. No rituals.

Anyways, I don't expect players to actually take these skills, but it establishes a progression of ability that, presumably, all existing magic using OCCs have already gone through. This is a rough first draft. I'm certainly open to any questions, concerns, suggestions, tweaks, whatever you all may have.

I like this idea.
I might do it a wee bit differently
Meditation: Same as the meditation skills. Learning this skill stops PPE loss from aging (this can help keep you at your youthful PPE levels which can be as much as 5d6)
Lore: Magic (same as the book skill)
Opening (needs a better name but...):+1d6 PPE, and allows a person to freely use PPE batteries, participate in rituals, lend as much as 100% of their magic, ect. They are qualified to activate circles, use techno-wizard devices, and otherwise are basically treated as if they were a caster
If you have all three, you can learn a level one spell. The limit of the total spells known is 1d4 +(Save Vs Insanity from ME as calculated using their IQ) Spell strength is locked at 10 (not quite as good as a full caster) and caster level 0 (as per the change of class rules).
This can be further enhanced if the person is willing to invest in Sorcerous Proficiencies. However Lay people must purchase these with OCCr skills and not secondary skills (the training is intensive, and can not be just a hobby)

[Shark_Force]

afaict, as of RUE minor and major psychics do not automatically have the meditation power any more.

[flatline]

afaict, as of RUE minor and major psychics do not automatically have the meditation power any more.

Then adjust as you see fit.

I've ignored most of the changes in RUE. I hadn't even noticed that one. Did they make Meditation an explicit skill then?

[Glistam]

afaict, as of RUE minor and major psychics do not automatically have the meditation power any more.

Then adjust as you see fit.

I've ignored most of the changes in RUE. I hadn't even noticed that one. Did they make Meditation an explicit skill then?

It's a minor psychic power.

I like that you called out someone doing this would always have a spell caster level of 1. That's something I forgot to think about in my write up. Thanks!

[flatline]

If meditation is a minor psychic power now, does that mean that all mages are at least minor psychics or is meditating for PPE no longer a default ability of magic users?

Or are there different kinds of meditation now?

[Blue_Lion]

If meditation is a minor psychic power now, does that mean that all mages are at least minor psychics or is meditating for PPE no longer a default ability of magic users?

Or are there different kinds of meditation now?

There have been different kinds of meditation for a long time.
Ninjas & Superspies has a different type of meditation.

[eliakon]

If meditation is a minor psychic power now, does that mean that all mages are at least minor psychics or is meditating for PPE no longer a default ability of magic users?

Or are there different kinds of meditation now?

I am pretty sure that they are thinking along the lines of "you can meditate but if you want bonuses for it you need a skill/power" Which actually makes a bit of sense. It would be like weapons. Anyone can wield a sword....but if you want a bonus you need a W.P.
.
.
.
Actually that makes A LOT of sense. I think I have an answer I can live with right there. (The meditation skill is found in N&SS of the top of my head I will look for other instances.)

[flatline]

PPE recovery is described in the OCC descriptions of the various magic users. Meditation is mentioned in every one and there's nothing to indicate that you have to have the psionic power Meditation in order to get increased PPE recovery. The psionic doesn't even mention PPE at all.

They must be separate things.